This left the so-called Big Three labels. In 2012, the major divisions of EMI were sold off separately by owner Citigroup: most of EMI's recorded music division was absorbed into UMG EMI Music Publishing was absorbed into Sony/ATV Music Publishing finally, EMI's Parlophone and Virgin Classics labels were absorbed into Warner Music Group (WMG) in July 2013. In 2007, the remaining record labels-then known as the Big Four-controlled about 70% of the world music market, and about 80% of the United States music market. ![]() In 2004, Sony and BMG agreed to a joint venture and merged their recorded music division to create the Sony BMG label (which would be renamed Sony Music Entertainment after a 2008 merger) BMG kept its music publishing division separate from Sony BMG and later sold BMG Music Publishing to UMG. PolyGram was merged into Universal Music Group (UMG) in 1999, leaving the remaining record labels to be known as the Big Five. ![]() Universal Music Group (known as MCA Music until 1996).BMG (formed in 1984 as RCA/Ariola International).Sony Music (known as CBS Records until January 1991).The constituent companies in a music group or record group are sometimes marketed as being "divisions" of the group.įrom 1929 to 1998, there were six major record labels, known as the Big Six: ![]() Record companies (manufacturers, distributors, and labels) may also constitute a "record group" which is, in turn, controlled by a music group. A music group controls and consists of music-publishing companies, record (sound recording) manufacturers, record distributors, and record labels. A music group is usually affiliated to an international conglomerate " holding company", which often has non-music divisions as well. Record labels are often under the control of a corporate umbrella organization called a "music group". Santa Monica, California, United States (operational) Hilversum, North Holland, Netherlands (corporate) Universal Music Group ( Euronext Amsterdam: UMG) In 2014, AIM estimated that the majors had a collective global market share of some 65–70%. The Association of Independent Music (AIM) defines a 'major' as "a multinational company which (together with the companies in its group) has more than 5% of the world market(s) for the sale of records or music videos." As of 2012, there are only three labels that can be referred to as "major labels": Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, and Warner Music Group. Record labels may be small, localized and " independent" ("indie"), or they may be part of a large international media group, or somewhere in between. Record labels also provide publicists, who assist performers in gaining positive media coverage, and arrange for their merchandise to be available via stores and other media outlets. Within the mainstream music industry, recording artists have traditionally been reliant upon record labels to broaden their consumer base, market their albums, and promote their singles on streaming services, radio, and television. ![]() The term "record label" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information. Sometimes, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos, while also conducting talent scouting and development of new artists, and maintaining contracts with recording artists and their managers. Brand and trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videosĪ record label, or record company, or simply records, is a brand or trademark of music recordings and music videos, or the company that owns it.
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